antimony refining process

(PDF) Antimony Production and Commodites

The process presented is appropriate for antimony extraction with significant benefits associated with an increased value of galena concentrate and its own market value. View Show abstract

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial …

Binz et al. developed a bottom-up process to recover antimony from lead-refining residues. They investigated a more selective oxidation during lead softening …

Separation behavior of arsenic and lead from antimony …

During zone refining process, As concentration in the whole bar was considerably reduced from 456 ppm to below 150 ppm (and as low as 50 ppm at the end of the bar) after only one zone pass by adding 0.1 wt.% Al into the Sb, which is contributed to the floating of formed AlAs intermetallic. ... Method for removal of lead and arsenic in …

Removing antimony from waste lead storage batteries alloy …

In the process of electrolytic refining, the required antimony content of lead anode plate is approximately 0.4–0.7 wt%. When antimony content of lead anode plate is more than 1.2 wt%, antimony firmly adheres to the residual lead anode plate during the refining process, which leads to difficulty in cleaning.

METHODS FOR PROCESSING OF ANTIMONY …

antimony sulfide concentrates to obtain metallic antimony and antimony xide are discussed, and methods of refining antimony from impurities are also analyzed. Keywords: antimony, compounds, minerals, raw materials, alloys. Received 01 September 2022 Accepted 18 November 2022 Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 58, 5, …

Fire Refining of Rough Antimony from Impurities for

Results of an investigation aimed at optimizing the fire refining process for purification and extraction of antimony into a high-grade commercial metallic product are presented.

Lead removal from crude antimony in the pyrometallurgical refining …

In order to solve the problem of lead removal from crude antimony in the traditional antimony refining process, NaPO3 was introduced as a lead elimination reagent to generate phosphate slag and ...

Refining process for removing antimony from lead bullion

An improved process for refining lead bullion containing antimony, in which the bullion is initially heated in a refining vessel to about 25° F. (14° C.) above the bullion melting point, and is thereafter kept molten primarily by exothermic process reactions. The process includes the steps of melting the lead-antimony bullion, agitating the bullion, adding …

Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead …

In the current lead refining process, the tin oxidizes to slag, making its recovery problematic and expensive. This paper aims to present an innovative method …

Antimony (Sb)

Refining: The crude antimony is further refined to remove impurities. This is typically done through electrolytic refining or by treating the antimony with oxygen-rich air to remove remaining sulfur and lead. Formation of Antimony Products: ... Throughout this process, environmental and safety considerations are crucial due to the toxic nature ...

Improved Smelting and Refining Processes for Production of Antimony …

The reverberatory furnace for reduction of antimony oxide was also enlarged: refining at lower temperatures and continuous mechanical casting into ingots gave a high-grade regulus. ... To eliminate the hazard of waste gases from antimony smelters a new hydrometallurgical process has also been developed that consists of alkali sulphide …

Lead processing

Lead processing - Refining, Smelting, Alloying: To remove and recover remaining impurities from lead bullion, either pyrometallurgical or electrolytic refining is used; the choice between the two methods is dictated by the amount of bismuth that must be eliminated from the bullion and by the availability and cost of energy. The Parkes zinc …

Antimony: The Most Important Mineral You Never Heard …

The U.S. today is almost entirely reliant on China for its supplies of antimony, a rare earth mineral that is essential to the success of wind power, solar power and the next generation battery ...

Efficient removal and recovery of lead from high arsenic antimony …

Ye et al. (Ye et al., 2016) used NaPO 3 as a Pb removal agent and employed an oxidative pyrolysis refining process to effectively separate Pb from crude antimony. The minimum Pb content is 0.0522%, with a Pb removal rate of 98.6%.

HOME | usantimony

USAC operates the only significant antimony smelter in the United States and it is in a "sold out" condition. The Company has proven experience in underground and open pit mining, flotation and gravimetric milling, crushing and screening, dry grinding, cyanide leaching, precious metal refining, pyro-metallurgy, and marketing.

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process …

Another important use of antimony (approximately 6%) is as a catalyst in the production of PET polymers. Global end-uses are reported for the years 2008, 2010 (Dupont et al., 2016) and 2011 (BRGM ...

Recovery of Antimony from Refinery Slag of Unified Mining …

The process of obtaining antimony xide from Unified Mining Company S.A. (EMUSA) has two production lines. The refining slag from the second production line was stored since the plant started operations, registering high antimony contents which is the reason for this research project.

A New Pyrometallurgical Process for Producing Antimony …

Antimonial dust is a by-product of lead smelting and an important material for extracting antimony. A new pyrometallurgical process for producing antimony white from the antimonial dust is reported. The process mainly consists of three steps, which are reduction smelting, alkaline refining, and blowing oxidation. First, the reduction smelting …

Separation of Lead from Crude Antimony by Pyro-Refining Process …

The main purpose of this study was to separate lead from crude antimony through an oxidation pyro-refining process and by using sodium metaphosphate as a lead elimination reagent. The process parameters that will affect the refining results were optimized experimentally under controlled conditions, such as the sodium …

Antimony and arsenic substance flow analysis in antimony

Table 3 Ratio of antimony loss from each process No. Process Antimony loss ratio/% 1 Pelletization <0.01 2 Volatilization smelting 2.05 3 Forehearth 1.59 4 Cupellation furnace 1.03 5 Dust collection 0.78 6 Reduction smelting 0.17 7 Refining 0.29 8 Casting <0.01 According to the mass-balance principle, the total input of the system is …

MIT's accidental smelting discovery unlocks the potential of …

The traditional method of producing antimony metal is through heat smelting. However, researchers at MIT claim to have accidentally stumbled upon a new method of smelting using electrolysis rather than heat. Research was funded by the US Department of Energy, the Advanced Research …

A review of the technologies for antimony recovery from …

Arsenic-alkali residue is a hazardous waste produced by the refining process of crude antimony in antimony smelting, and contains highly toxic sodium arsenate and a large number of residual alkali ...

Separation of Lead from Crude Antimony by Pyro-Refining Process …

The main purpose of this study was to separate lead from crude antimony through an oxidation pyro-refining process and by using sodium metaphosphate as a lead elimination reagent.

Materials | Free Full-Text | Recovery of Pure Lead …

Research has already been conducted on the use of aluminium to remove antimony and copper from lead from scrap lead–acid batteries in terms of lead pre-refining. To remove antimony, arsenic, …

Sulphur Refining of Gold

Refining using Sulphide of Antimony. This process is also some centuries old, and is based on the fact that when gold-silver alloys are melted with sulphide of antimony sulphide of silver will form, and the gold will alloy with the antimony. Au + 6Ag + Sb2S3 = Au + 2Sb + 3Ag 2S. Copper and other metals will also be removed by this …

Alternative Fluxes for Lead Bullion Refining | SpringerLink

Softening process is used to remove arsenic, tin, and antimony from lead bullion. The pyrometallurgical method for lead softening process uses air (enriched air) …

Extraction of antimony from a hydrochloric acid side stream …

Potential candidate secondary sources of antimony include the by-products of pyrometallurgical copper extraction and refining. The final stage of the copper process involves electrolytic refining from 99.7%-pure copper anodes. These anodes contain impurities from ore concentrates, which are incorporated in the electrolyte along with …

Research status of arsenic and antimony removal in copper refining process

The crude copper from matte smelting contains certain impurities that have different influence on the industrial properties of copper. Hence the crude copper needs to be refined. In order to further improve the quality of cathode copper and produce copper products that meet the market demands, effective treatment of harmful impurities in the …

Antimony may be a renewable energy hero

The balance of American supply comes from recycling and refining concentrates imported from Italy, China, India, and Mexico. "China continued to be the leading global antimony producer in 2020 and accounted for more than 52% of global mine production," USGS inked in its 2021 Mineral Commodity Summaries report.

Current processing technology for antimony-bearing ores a …

However, this process ran into difficulties and was not put on steam. The quality of the antimony concentrate can be seen from the figures in Table 3. Antimony recovery is low, about 60%, probably due to the heavy dosage of cyanide in the upstream gold leaching process. Dissolved antimony contributed to the high reagent consumption.