Solid bulk cargoes have been known to liquefy in the holds of bulk carriers since the loss of the Bengal in 1910. Because of the increased demand for iron ore fines over the past 20 years, export industries have experienced further incidents where liquefaction of the cargo was the suspected cause.
A bulk cargo of iron ore is loaded with a high peak at the centre of the cargo space. What is the most likely result of this form of loading? ... Where in the IMSBC Code will you find the correct procedure for the flow table test for moisture content? Section 1 to 13. Appendix 1.
Transportable Moisture Limit, Proctor/Fagerberg, bulk cargo stability, iron ore fines. ... The Flow Table test was adapted for fine -grained ores and concentrates by the Department of Mines
modified Proctor and Fagerberg (P&F) test for identifying the transportable moisture limit of certain cargoes, which has now been approved in the context of amendments to the …
Reviews bulk carrier incidents where Iron Ore Fines (IOF) liquefaction was suspected • Reviews the original Transportable Moisture Limit (TML) test methods for …
To address these issues for the two most popular test methods, the Flow Table Test (FTT) and Proctor/Fagerberg Test (PFT), tests were performed on sand and iron ore fines.
The flow table test, the penetration test and the Proctor/Fagerberg test. The modified Proctor/Fager-berg test procedure for iron ore fines is an additional method. As each method is suitable for different types of cargo, the selection of the test method should be carefully considered, either in consultation
The safe ocean transport of bulk commodities like iron ore, coal, nickel ore, manganese ore and bauxite by large bulk ships is vitally dependent on the stability of the cargo under the influence ...
understandings of the potential for iron ore fines to liquefy and use this knowledge to recommend how best to assess the liquefaction potential of an iron ore fines bulk cargo.
While the main requirements for the safe carriage of solid bulk cargoes are enshrined in the IMSBC Code, this booklet outlines the precautions you should take before accepting …
Recent bulk carrier incidents possibly caused by the iron ore cargo shifting [2-7]. Vessel Name Subclass Total Loss Lives Lost Date Origin Destination Chang Le Men Handysize No (Listed) 0 07/09 ...
BULK CARGO LIQUEFACTION (IRON ORE FINES Chris Spencer: Director of Loss Prevention AND NICKEL ORE) Telephone: +44 20 3320 8807 ... 5 Transportable moisture limit and flow moisture point 5 Flow table test 6 The can test 6 Can test procedure 7 Trimming 7 Case studies • Case study 1 • Case study 2 • Case study 3
In 2013, over 500 million metric tons of Iron Ore Fines (IOF) were transported around the world using bulk carriers. Under certain conditions IOF, while being transported, can possibly undergo ...
The TML is defined as 90 per cent of the moisture content at the Flow Moisture Point (FMP) and may be determined using a number of tests including the flow table method described in the 'International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code – 2009' and AS 4974.
The flow table test, penetration test and Proctor-Fagerberg test, proposed by the IMnI to test an Mn ore fines liquefaction potential, have been shown to give vary variable results for Fe ore fines, as these tests were originally devised to analyse the properties of ore concentrates (Munro and Mohajerani, 2015, 2016b).
Iron ore and iron ore fines are two separate cargoes. Iron ore largely comprises lumpy material resembling small rocks or stones of 10-25 mm in diameter. It is defined as a category 'C' cargo under the IMSBC Code, meaning it is not liable to liquefy. Iron ore fines are largely made up of powdery material below
Handling iron ore in bulk carrier Most iron ore is carried in Cape-size ships, i.e. larger than 80,000 tonnes deadweight, although ships of this category are often much bigger and are generally in the region of 170,000 tonnes deadweight. ... a proper laboratory test may be called for. The Master must also ask the shipper to detail the cargo's ...
Cargo liquefaction is a well-known hazard for shipping solid bulk cargoes. Cargoes which are considered susceptible to liquefaction are typically characterized as fine grained, non-cohesive ...
Iron ore is the solid bulk cargo with the largest trading volume per year, totalling 1.41 billion tones transported by sea in 2016, mainly from Australia (54%) ... the Flow Table test, the Penetration test, the Proctor/Fagerberg test and the Modified Proctor/Fagerberg Test for Iron Ore Fines. Each method is applicable to specific …
at which a sample of cargo will begin to flow. Cargoes with moisture content close to, equal to or in excess of the FMP may liquefy or dynamically separate. The FMP is determined …
If the methods of flow table test or penetration test is used, the TML is determined as 90% of FMP. ... Millions of tonnes of cargo (iron ore fines, coal, manganese ore fines and nickel ore) that are known to ... Liquefaction process in bulk cargo BV_BulkCargoLiquefaction_11x16_0818:BV_BulkCargoLiquefaction_11x16_0818 …
BULK CARGO LIQUEFACTION - THE CAN TEST Delivery Guide 3 The latest Intercargo Bulk Carrier Casualty Report attributes the loss of 102 seafarers' lives and 11 vessels to liquefaction incidents from 2005 – 2015, with a further incident occurring in 2017 which resulted in the loss of a further
Iron Ore Fines (IOF), which is a bulk mineral cargo, exhibits an inherent high level of risk during marine transportation due to its potential to liquefy. ... Since 2007, there have been at least seven reported bulk carrier incidents possibly caused by the iron ore cargo shifting, as seen in Table 1. Table 1. ... Flow Table Test (FTT) The FTT ...
There are currently three recognized laboratory test methods in general use for determining the TML value: the flow table test, the penetration test and the Proctor/Fagerberg test. …
The Flow Table Test 2. ... to assess the liquefaction potential of an iron ore fines bulk cargo. This project was executed by three highly credible research organisations, the CSIRO Minerals Down ...
at which a sample of cargo will begin to flow. Cargoes with moisture content close to, equal to or in excess of the FMP may liquefy or dynamically separate. The FMP is determined using the flow table test (method 1.1) or penetration test (method 1.2). Loading a cargo above, at or near its FMP represents an
Iron ore fines The IMSBC Code definition for iron ore refers to cargo in the size range of up to 250mm, and iron ore fines 10% or more of fine particles of less than 1mm and 50% or more of particles less than 10mm. Moisture contents quoted for iron ore fines typically vary between 6 to 12%, with iron ore having lower moisture content.
Various types of iron ore fines commonly transported on bulk carriers can be seen in Figure 1 Iron ore fines is a product of iron ore commonly having a particle size less than 6.3 mm (Bureau of ...
The master should check for the possibility of flow in the material being loaded. The can test, set-out in Section 8 of the Code, is described as an 'auxiliary' test method suitable for this. The test is conducted using a can of about 1 litre capacity half-filled with the sample of material to be tested. After noting the appearance
To determine the actual tamping pressure needed to perform the Flow Table test, the maximum bulk density was determined on the sample of IOF and was found to be 3075 kg/m 3 (Section 3, Table 4). ... Bulk carrier Anna Bo listed due to cargo of iron ore shift (2013) Available from:
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